The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.